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Bone figurines found at Negev Desert burial site point to early Christian converts from Ethiopia

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Archaeologists excavating a burial site in Israel’s Negev Desert have uncovered what they say are rare bone and ebony figurines in three early Christian graves. The findings suggest the individuals buried there may have been African converts to Christianity who traveled to the region during the Byzantine era.

Researchers from the Israel Antiquities Authority and the University of Cologne published their findings in the journal Atiqot, reporting that the two ebony figurines, depicting a man and a woman with distinctly African features, could be the first of their kind to be identified in Israel, Jordan or the surrounding region.

The graves, dating to the sixth or seventh century A.D., were discovered at Tel Malhata, an ancient settlement near the Nevatim air base in the northeastern Negev.

“It seems that the figurines depicted ancestors rather than deities. If so, it is possible that the deceased were of ‘Ethiopian’ origin and that they or their ancestors converted to Christianity and moved to the Negev,” the report concludes.

“Ethiopians are known to have lived in many regions of the Greco-Roman world (Snowden 1970:217). Therefore, it is possible that the deceased were of Ethiopian origin and that they moved north to Tel Malḥata.”

Archaeologist Noé D. Michael described the find as unusual for this region, where figurines made from such exotic wood had never been documented before. The blackwood pendants, carved with detailed African-style faces, were unlike anything previously discovered in the Levant.

“As far as we know, no such figurine had ever been identified in Israel, Jordan, and our region,” he told The Times of Israel.

“We believe that since the tombs were close and presented the same kind of burial gifts, they were probably a mother and a child. Unfortunately, we could not extract DNA remains from the bones to run a test.”

The necropolis, or the ancient cemetery, has yielded hundreds of graves from different periods, but this latest discovery stood out for the presence of five figurines — three made of bone and two of ebony — found alongside the remains of two women and a child, according to Smithsonian magazine.

The ebony used was confirmed by experts at Tel Aviv University as Diospyros ebenum, a tree native to southern India and Sri Lanka. The three graves were typical cist tombs — stone-lined burial structures — reflecting Christian burial practices.

One grave held a woman who died between the ages of 20 and 30, buried with two alabaster jars, bronze jewelry and two figurines — one of bone and one of ebony. Another held a child aged 6 to 8, buried with similar grave goods, including another ebony figurine.

The third grave belonged to a young woman aged 18 to 21 and contained glass vessels, a bronze bracelet and a bone figurine of a female figure.

The presence of similar pendants in both the woman’s and the child’s graves led researchers to believe they may have been related. The team said the similarity in style and materials of the ebony figurines suggested a familial link, possibly mother and child.

The study described bone figurines as relatively common in the region, used in domestic rituals and burials since at least the Neolithic period. However, ebony carvings are considered extremely rare.

The researchers noted that the pendants had small holes, indicating they were likely worn around the neck. The team said that although the burials were conducted in the Christian style, the figurines may represent a continuity of older traditions.

The figurines could have been personal items representing ancestral memory and cultural identity, retained even after conversion to Christianity, the researchers noted.

The Tel Malhata site was historically significant as a settlement that existed from the Middle Bronze Age through the Byzantine period.

The town lay at the intersection of two major trade routes — one linking the Red Sea with Judea and Jerusalem, and another connecting the Mediterranean with Arabia and beyond, according to Haaretz. These routes likely facilitated the arrival of luxury goods such as spices, silk and ebony.

Excavations in the 1990s and early 2000s indicated that Tel Malhata was a fortified Roman-period town and later a regional administrative center. The current excavation, conducted near the Nevatim air base, uncovered 155 tombs in total.

The researchers noted that Christian conversion had expanded in the sixth century under Ethiopian Emperor Justin I. They linked the figurines and burial practices to individuals from Ethiopia or the Horn of Africa who may have migrated through established trade and pilgrimage networks.

The team could not extract usable DNA from the skeletal remains, so the geographic origin of the deceased remains speculative. However, they believe the combination of African-style ebony carvings, Christian burial customs and the historical context of trade makes it plausible that the individuals buried at Tel Malhata were early Ethiopian Christian converts.

The archaeologists documented a notable gender pattern in the grave goods across the necropolis. Most women were buried with items such as vessels, jewelry and figurines, while only two men had grave goods, both of whom appeared to be elderly and possibly wealthy.
Sources:Christianpost

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Christian Man Arrested for Blasphemy in Pakistan

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A 26-year-old Christian man, Samuel Arif, has been arrested and sent on judicial remand in Lahore after being accused of blasphemy.

The incident has again raised deep concerns among local rights activists and the Christian community regarding the misuse of blasphemy laws to settle personal grudges.

Arif previously lived with his family in Block A of the Punjab University Staff Colony, where they were allotted residence through his late father, Arif Masih, who worked there as a sanitary worker.

Following his father’s passing, the family relocated to Saint Mary’s Colony in Gulberg. However, Arif regularly returned to the staff colony to visit friends in the neighborhood where he had spent more than a decade of his life.

The police registered First Information Report (FIR) No. 806/26 under Sections 295-C and 298-A of the Pakistan Penal Code. Section 295-C carries a mandatory death penalty for derogatory remarks against the Prophet Muhammad, while Section 298-A addresses remarks against holy personages and companions.

According to the complainant, Muhammad Umair Alam Khan, a resident, Arif allegedly intercepted his two minor daughters in the colony. The complainant claimed that Arif used derogatory religious language, asserted that the prophet had appeared to him in a dream instructing him to marry the girls, and attempted to apply an unidentified substance to their faces.

Following the accusation, a crowd confronted Arif at a local gym inside the colony. The mob severely assaulted him before police intervened and took him into custody.

Weaponized Hate
Arif’s family strongly denied all allegations, maintaining that he is innocent and has been falsely framed due to personal enmity. Rights advocates note that blasphemy allegations in Pakistan are frequently weaponized during personal disputes, putting the accused and their families in immediate physical danger.

HARDS Pakistan (Human Assistance & Development Services), a non-governmental organization, is providing legal assistance to the family. At the same time, lawyers Kashif Alexander Rajput and Nadia Hameed have been appointed to represent Arif in court.

Human Rights Focus Pakistan (HRFP) and other advocacy organizations have called on provincial authorities to ensure a fair, transparent, and impartial investigation. They emphasized the need for due process, legal protection for the accused, witnesses, and family members, and accountability for those who take the law into their own hands.

As Arif remains in judicial custody, the Christian community continues to pray for his family and for justice, waiting for a thorough and unbiased investigation to reveal the truth.
Sources:persecution

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Lawyer for China’s Zion Church Targeted by Communist Regime, Seeks Resettlement Help

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A Chinese lawyer who helped defend the Zion Christian Church as the communist regime was persecuting it has left China under pressure from government authorities.

Ruth Wang has temporarily escaped to Taiwan and is seeking resettlement in another country, hoping for help from the U.S. or Canada. She said Chinese officials ordered the VDoor Law Firm to close.

As CBN News reported last October, 18 members of the Zion Church in China, including its founder, Pastor Ezra Jin, were arrested in one of China’s largest crackdowns on a single church in decades.

Wang’s legal team represented the pastor and others in October 2025, when security officials put them in prison.

Pastor Jin was eventually released, two months ago, and is now in the United States with family after President Donald Trump brought his case to his Chinese counterpart Xi Jinping during a meeting in May.

Nine other pastors have been freed, but eight remain in jail. And Wang’s plight further exposes how China has refused to stop pressuring the church and those affiliated with it, despite Jin’s release.

Zion Church is one of the largest unregistered churches in China, with scores of worship sites and more than 5,000 members. As an underground church, they utilize apartments, restaurants, and even karaoke bars in around 40 cities across China.

The regime has previously targeted the VDoor Law Firm. The license of the firm’s founder and Wang’s mentor, Zhang Kai, was revoked, and he was barred from leaving the country; other lawyers at their firm were suspended from practicing for six months, Wang said.

Wang was already out of the country, visiting Japan on vacation last month, when Chinese officials asked her to come and meet with them in Beijing. She chose not to return, fearing for her future.

Bob Fu, founder of ChinaAid, a nonprofit human rights organization based in the U.S., said Wang’s case shows how lawyers who dare to defend persecuted Christians are then targeted by the regime.

“Attorney Wang sought to fulfill the most basic responsibility of a lawyer,” he said. “Yet because her clients include detained leaders associated with Beijing Zion Church, she came to fear that she herself could become the next target.”

Fu urged Taiwan’s government to protect Wang’s family and ensure they would not be forcibly returned to mainland China. He also called on the U.S. and other democratic governments to help find a safe solution for her.

Taiwan won’t allow her to stay, saying it can’t accept cases of political asylum from mainland China because of tensions with the Chinese government. China claims Taiwan belongs to it, and has been working for years toward taking over the island country.

“Our family is currently facing an uncertain future, and we don’t know what will happen in the future, or whether there is anywhere that can accommodate us,” Wang told AP in an exclusive interview.

She pointed to the Bible account of Ruth, and how God sent Boaz to help when she Ruth also faced an uncertain future after moving to a new place. “I also believe that God will give (me) such a person,” Wang said.
Sources:CBN News

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Muslim Shoots Christian Woman to Death in Pakistan

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Pakistan – A married, 21-year-old Christian woman was shot dead inside her home in Rawalpindi last week by a Muslim neighbor whose advances she had rejected, reflecting an attitude among many Pakistan Muslims that crimes against Christians will go unpunished, sources said.

Saba Mehboob, who separated from her husband a year ago, was shot in the forehead at about 9 p.m. on Thursday (Sept. 3), after the alleged assailant, Adnan Butt, entered the house in Dhoke Ratta locality with a pistol, according to her brother, Joshua Mehboob. The suspect then abducted her teenage stepbrother and pressured him to falsely confess to the killing, according to the victim’s family.

Joshua Mehboob, a member of a local Full Gospel Assemblies church, said Butt accused his sister of dishonoring him before shooting her in front of her 16-year-old stepbrother, Anoosh.

“According to Anoosh, he and his paternal uncles, Michael and Nomi, were in a room when Butt suddenly entered with Saba, loudly abusing her,” Mehboob said. “He pointed his pistol at Michael and Nomi and ordered them to leave. He then slapped Saba repeatedly while shouting that she had dishonored him and been disloyal to him.”

Butt then shot Saba in the forehead, killing her instantly, Mehboob said.

Butt subsequently forced Anoosh outside at gunpoint, where another man was waiting on a motorcycle, according to Mehboob. The two men allegedly took the teenager to the home of Butt’s brother-in-law, where several other people were present.

Mehboob said the men threatened to kill Anoosh if he told police that Butt had killed his sister and pressured the adolescent to confess to the murder.

“Anoosh was kept in their custody until about 5 p.m. on Sept. 4,” Mehboob said. “Meanwhile, Butt also threatened Anoosh’s father and other family members with death if they registered a case against him.”

He said Anoosh was released after his father and uncles agreed not to file a police complaint.

After his release, Anoosh went with relatives to the district headquarters hospital to receive his sister’s body, Mehboob said. Police arrived there to record his statement and, after hearing his account, asked him to become the complainant in the case, he said. Police subsequently took Anoosh and his father into protective custody, according to Mehboob.

A First Information Report (FIR) was registered, but Butt later obtained pre-arrest bail from a court, he said.

Mehboob alleged that Butt had been harassing and threatening Saba Mehboob for some time. He said she twice had slapped him after he blocked her way in a market.

“I think Saba’s rejection fueled his anger, leading him to murder her,” he said.

Saba Mehboob’s killing prompted a protest in Dhoke Ratta, where Christian and Muslim residents reportedly called for Butt’s arrest.

Rawalpindi-based journalist Tariq Chaman said members of Saba Mehboob’s family and local residents alleged that police were pressuring Anoosh to accept responsibility for his sister’s death.

“Police have denied the allegations and said the teenage boy is being kept in custody for his protection,” Chaman said. “His father has also been kept with him because the boy is a minor.”

The family and local elders are demanding the release of Anoosh and his father and calling for the investigation to be transferred from Dhoke Ratta police station to a senior police officer, Chaman said. His sources indicated that additional circumstances surrounding the case could emerge as the investigation progresses and potentially affect the direction of the murder inquiry.

“Local sources have claimed that Butt and his family have criminal histories, and it’s possible that the victim’s family may succumb to their pressure at some stage,” Chaman said.

Human rights advocates have long raised concerns about the vulnerability of religious minorities in Pakistan, particularly in cases involving sexual violence, forced conversion and allegations of blasphemy. Rights groups have also documented cases in which victims or their families face intimidation and pressure to settle disputes outside the formal justice system.

Mehboob told Christian Daily International-Morning Star News that his sister was one of five children born to his mother from her first marriage to Mehboob Masih. After Masih died several years ago, their mother remarried Yaqoob Masih and had five more children with him, including Anoosh.

Saba Mehboob married Zeeshan Mehmood about six years ago, but she separated from him more than a year ago because of his severe drug addiction and moved back to live with their mother in Dhoke Ratta with her two daughters, Joshua Mehboob said.

Open Doors, a Christian organization that monitors persecution, ranked Pakistan eighth in its 2026 World Watch List of countries where Christians face the greatest difficulty. The organization cited systemic discrimination, mob violence, forced conversion and weaknesses in law enforcement among the factors contributing to risks faced by Christians in Pakistan.
Sources:christiannews

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